Windows NT Microsoft Wiki. Windows NTDefault user interface. Graphical User Interface. Current. Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1. It was originally designed to be a powerful high level language based processor independent multiprocessing multiuser operating system with features comparable to UNIX to complement workstation versions of Windows that were based on MS DOS until 2. It was the first 3. Windows. Since increases in processor performance, Windows XP and Windows Server 2. Windows NT una famiglia di sistemi operativi prodotti da Microsoft, ed attualmente lunica linea di sistemi operativi per PC prodotta dallazienda di Redmond. Windows je v informatice oznaen pro nkolik rznch operanch systm od firmy Microsoft. Vechny maj grafick uivatelsk rozhran, avak li. Windows NT is de verzamelnaam voor de 32 en 64 bitsvarianten van het Windows en Xboxbesturingssysteem van Microsoft. De letters NT staan voor New Technology, omdat. Windows NT, though they are not branded as such for marketing purposes. Major Features. The original version of Windows is a 1. GUI program which runs on MS DOS and was written in Intel 8. MS DOS uses interrupts to call operating system services. Windows is characterised by the use of 1. How to configure a user account to use a roaming user profile in Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000 Server, or Windows NT 4. Microsoft Windows NT OS. This was made necessary by the segment based addressing of the Intel 8. Intel 8. 08. 0. DOS was also written to suit the needs of a single user, with minimal security. A user with Windows 9. Windows is also built around the concept of cooperative multitasking. A program must do operations quickly and then give control back to Windows, which can then give messages to other tasks. If a program fails to do so, it will stop all other processes on the machine, rendering it inoperable, and this often happened on Win. Microsoft had marketed XENIX as a version of UNIX, but it never became very popular as a business operating system. The Intel 8. 08. 6 was not a very powerful processor, but the 2. Win. 32 replaces the earlier memory allocation scheme with true 3. Operating system calls are made with conventional subroutine calls, and a sophisticated system manages users and privileges to meet corporate and defence standards. If the administrator loses the login password, the system must be rebuilt. Windows NT supports preemptive multitasking and threading like most large scale systems. The kernel can stop any task and start others without help from the application programmer. NT also manages virtual memory like a time sharing computer and supports networking and remote terminals. NT is generally not compatible with UNIX in terms of programming APIs except in areas such as Windows Sockets which are patterned after Berkeley Sockets, but otherwise NT tends to be comparable in features and capabilities. The NTFS file system has powerful multiuser and security features, with long file names and large disk addressing capability compared with the DOS based FAT system. Many SQL Server and IIS features require the use of NTFS. Market Share NT has grown from being called Nice Try to passing Unix in 2. IDC, a market research firm based in Framingham, Mass. Others observe that Windows NT servers using IIS, ASP and ASP. NET by the 2. 00. UNIX dominating with over 7. The entry level 9. Windows XP lacks the ability to run SQL Server databases and IIS web servers and other corporate features found in Professional and Server versions, but NT is now a major platform for PC based games. Since NT has become the base technology for workstations, it nearly completely dominates desktop and laptop workstations with Apple a distant second and Linux yet fewer. Development. When development started in November 1. Windows NT using protected mode was to be known as OS2 3. Microsoft and IBM. In addition to working on three versions of OS2, Microsoft continued parallel development of the DOS based and less resource demanding Windows environment using real mode. When Windows 3. 0 was released in May 1. Microsoft decided to change the primary application programming interface for the still unreleased NT OS2 as it was then known from an extended OS2 API to an extended Windows API. This decision caused tension between Microsoft and IBM and the collaboration ultimately fell apart. IBM continued OS2 development alone while Microsoft continued work on the newly renamed Windows NT. Though neither operating system would be as immediately popular as Microsofts DOS or Windows products, Windows NT would eventually be far more successful than OS2. Microsoft hired a group of developers from Digital Equipment Corporation led by Dave Cutler to build Windows NT, and many elements of the design reflect earlier DEC experience with Cutlers VMS and RSX 1. The operating system was designed to run on multiple instruction set architectures and multiple hardware platforms within each architecture. The platform dependencies are largely hidden from the rest of the system by a kernel mode module called the HAL. Windows NTs kernel mode code further distinguishes between the kernel whose primary purpose is to implement processor and architecture dependent functions and the executive. This has led some writers to refer to the kernel as a microkernel, but the Windows NT kernel no longer meets many of the criteria of a microkernel, although this was the original goal of chief architect Cutler. Both the kernel and the executive are linked together into the single loaded module ntoskrnl. Routines from each are directly accessible, as for example from kernel mode device drivers. API sets in the Windows NT family are implemented as subsystems atop the publicly undocumented native API it was this that allowed the late adoption of the Windows API into the Win. Windows NT was the first operating system to use Unicode internally. Releases. Windows NT Releases. NT Ver. Windows NT 3. Workstation named just Windows NT, Advanced Server. July 2. 7, 1. 99. Windows NT 3. 5. Workstation, Server. September 2. 1, 1. Windows NT 3. 5. 1Workstation, Server. May 3. 0,1. 99. 51. Windows NT 4. 0. Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded. July 2. 9,1. 99. 61. Windows 2. 00. 0Windows 2. Professional, Server, Advanced Server, Datacenter Server, Media Center, Starter, Embedded. February 1. 7,2. 00. Windows XPHome, Professional, IA6. Media Center 2. 00. Tablet PC, Starter, Embedded, N. October 2. 5,2. 00. Windows Server 2. Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Small Business Server. April 2. 4,2. 00. Windows XP x. 64Professional x. Edition. April 2. Windows Vista. Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, Ultimate. Business November 2. Consumer January 2. Windows Server Longhorn codename. Windows Server 2. Professional. 2. 00. Windows 7. Windows Server 2. R2. Windows Server 2. Windows 8. x. Professional, Home Premium, Ultimate. The first release was given version number 3. Windows magazines of that era claimed the number was also used to make that version seem more reliable than a. The NT version is no longer marketed, but is said to reflect the degree of changes to the core of the operating system 1. The build number is an internal figure used by Microsofts developers. Supported platforms. Like Unix, NT was written in a high level language such as C. It can be recompiled to run on other processor systems, at the expense of larger and slower code. For this reason, NT was not favored initially for use with slower processors with less memory. It also proved far more difficult to port applications such as Microsoft Office which were sensitive to issues such as data structure alignment on RISC processors. Unlike Windows CE which routinely runs on a variety of processors, nearly all actual NT deployments have been on x. Windows NT 3. 1 ran on Intel. IA 3. 2 x. 86, DEC Alpha, and MIPS R4. Windows NT 3. 5. 1 added support for Power. Windows NT Wikipedia. Windows NTDeveloper. Microsoft. Written in. C, C, and Assembly language1Working state. Current. Source model. Closed source Shared source. Initial release. July 2. Windows NT 3. 1Latest release. November 1. 4, 2. Latest preview. RS4 1. November 8, 2. 01. Update method. Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services. Platforms. IA 3. DEC Alpha, MIPS, Power. PC, ARM, Itanium. Kernel type. Hybrid. Default user interface. Graphical Windows shellLicense. Depending on version, edition or customer choice Trialware, commercial software, volume licensing, OEM only, Saa. S, SSaOfficial websitewww. Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1. It is a processor independent, multiprocessing, multi user operating system. The first version of Windows NT was Windows NT 3. It was intended to complement consumer versions of Windows that were based on MS DOS including Windows 1. Windows 3. 1x. Gradually, the Windows NT family was expanded into Microsofts general purpose operating system product line for all personal computers, deprecating the Windows 9x family. NT formerly expanded to New Technology but no longer carries any specific meaning. Starting with Windows 2. NT was removed from the product name and is only included in the product version string. NT was the first purely 3. Windows, whereas its consumer oriented counterparts, Windows 3. Windows 9x, were 1. It is a multi architecture operating system. Initially, it supported several instruction set architectures, including IA 3. MIPS, DEC Alpha, Power. PC and later Itanium. The latest versions support x. IA 3. 2 and x. 64 and ARM. Major features of the Windows NT family include Windows Shell, Windows API, Native API, Active Directory, Group Policy, Hardware Abstraction Layer, NTFS, Bit. Switch Bot V3 Za there. Locker, Windows Store, Windows Update, and Hyper V. It has been suggested that Dave Cutler intended the initialism WNT as a play on VMS, incrementing each letter by one. However, the project was originally intended as a follow on to OS2 and was referred to as NT OS2 before receiving the Windows brand. One of the original NT developers, Mark Lucovsky, states that the name was taken from the original target processorthe Intel i. N1. 0 N Ten. 6 A 1. Bill Gates, reveal that the letters were previously expanded to New Technology but no longer carry any specific meaning. The letters were dropped from the names of releases from Windows 2. Microsoft described that product as being Built on NT Technology. Major featureseditA main design goal of NT was hardware and software portability. Various versions of NT family operating systems have been released for a variety of processor architectures, initially IA 3. MIPS, and DEC Alpha, with Power. PC, Itanium, x. 86 6. ARM supported in later releases. The idea was to have a common code base with a custom Hardware Abstraction Layer HAL for each platform. However, support for MIPS, Alpha, and Power. PC was later dropped in Windows 2. Broad software compatibility was achieved with support for several API personalities, including Windows API, POSIX,9 and OS2 APIs1. Windows XP. 1. 1 Partial MS DOS compatibility was achieved via an integrated DOS Virtual Machine although this feature is being phased out in the x. NT supported per object file, function, and role access control lists allowing a rich set of security permissions to be applied to systems and services. NT supported Windows network protocols, inheriting the previous OS2 LAN Manager networking, as well as TCPIP networking for which Microsoft would implement a TCPIP stack derived at first from a STREAMS based stack from Spider Systems, then later rewritten in house. Windows NT 3. 1 was the first version of Windows to use 3. Its companion product, Windows 3. Windows NT 3. 1 featured a core kernel providing a system API, running in supervisor mode ring 0 in x. Windows NT as kernel mode on all platforms, and a set of user space environments with their own APIs which included the new Win. OS2 1. 3 text mode environment and a POSIX environment. The full preemptive multitasking kernel could interrupt running tasks to schedule other tasks, without relying on user programs to voluntarily give up control of the CPU, as in Windows 3. Windows applications although MS DOS applications were preemptively multitasked in Windows starting with Windows 1. Notably, in Windows NT 3. IO driver subsystems, such as video and printing, were user mode subsystems. In Windows NT 4, the video, server, and printer spooler subsystems were moved into kernel mode. Windows NTs first GUI was strongly influenced by and programmatically compatible with that from Windows 3. Windows NT 4s interface was redesigned to match that of the brand new Windows 9. Program Manager to the Windows shell design. NTFS, a journaled, secure file system, was created for NT. Windows NT also allows for other installable file systems starting with versions 3. NT could be installed on FAT or HPFS file systems. Windows NT introduced its own driver model, the Windows NT driver model, and is incompatible with older driver frameworks. With Windows 2. 00. Windows NT driver model was enhanced to become the Windows Driver Model, which was first introduced with Windows 9. NT driver model. 1. Windows Vista added native support for the Windows Driver Foundation, which is also available for Windows XP, Windows Server 2. Windows 2. 00. 0. Developmentedit. Original Windows NT wordmark. Microsoft decided to create a portable operating system, compatible with OS2 and POSIX and supporting multiprocessing, in October 1. When development started in November 1. Windows NT was to be known as OS2 3. Microsoft and IBM. To ensure portability, initial development was targeted at the Intel i. XR RISC processor, switching to the MIPSR3. Intel i. 38. 6 in 1. Microsoft also continued parallel development of the DOS based and less resource demanding Windows environment, resulting in the release of Windows 3. May 1. 99. 0. Windows 3 was eventually so successful that Microsoft decided to change the primary application programming interface for the still unreleased NT OS2 as it was then known from an extended OS2 API to an extended Windows API. This decision caused tension between Microsoft and IBM and the collaboration ultimately fell apart. IBM continued OS2 development alone while Microsoft continued work on the newly renamed Windows NT. Though neither operating system would immediately be as popular as Microsofts MS DOS or Windows products, Windows NT would eventually be far more successful than OS2. Microsoft hired a group of developers from Digital Equipment Corporation led by Dave Cutler to build Windows NT, and many elements of the design reflect earlier DEC experience with Cutlers VMS1. RSX 1. 1, but also an unreleased object based operating system developed by Dave Cutler for DEC Prism. The operating system was designed to run on multiple instruction set architectures and multiple hardware platforms within each architecture. The platform dependencies are largely hidden from the rest of the system by a kernel mode module called the HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer. Windows NTs kernel mode code further distinguishes between the kernel, whose primary purpose is to implement processor and architecture dependent functions, and the executive.