Programmers Guide to Video Systems Lurkers Guidelurkertech. Lurkers Guide Programmers Guide to Video Systems By Chris Pirazzi. Many thanks to those who have provided valuable info, including Charles Poynton and Bob Williams. All New NBA 2k17 Locker Code Leaked for New Years Are NBA 2k17 Locker Codes leaked The news that NBA 2k17 Locker Code being leaked brought a lot. The official DVD FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about DVD of the Internet DVD newsgroups. The most comprehensive source of DVD technical information in the galaxy. Ironically the cheaper dvd players can be made multiregion with simple remote commands sent from the remote that was supplied with the unit. Or they were already. Thanks to Andy Walls for some insights on standard def square luma sampling frequencies. Thanks to Calvin Walton for ATSC line number refs. Submit This Site. Like what you see Help spread the word on social media Submit This Site. Like what you seeHelp spread the word on social media When we software types hear that there are different video systems such as 4. For example, if you look at the various wiki pages about video systems, you will see statements like 4. VGA graphics adapter. Well, it turns out that video is much more complex than just that, and it is absolutely crucial to understand certain additional videosyncrasies in order to write video capture, editing, processing, or playback software that does not cause bugs and compatibility problems for end users. This document will give you the basics that you need in order to avoid getting in trouble with video Disclaimer theres one important videosyncrasy that is not yet covered here, and thats the different color systems both YCb. Cr and RGB that you will need to deal with in video software. Its important to get that right as well for your video software to work. Eventually, I will add material on this, but for now, check out Charles Poyntons excellent book on the subject. The situation is also summarized the Quick. Time uncompressed standard that I wrote for Apple. We programmers like to think of video as a series of frames. Each frame, we imagine in our pleasant dreams, consists of one whole picture, say 6. To play back the video, we just display one picture after the other, at 3. We blissfully assume that the image size of the picture 6. DVD Player and Bluray Playen region codes. Someone HERE mentioned that the hack allows to change the region code for DVD and Bluray. A quote from that site If you inject the CD into the new LG BD 350, a. I/61CMGoYhrEL._SY524_.jpg' alt='Lg Dvd Region Hack Codes' title='Lg Dvd Region Hack Codes' />And, we assume that the pixels are square that 1. Unfortunately, were in for a rude awakening, because in many important cases that we must handle in video software today, some or all of these assumptions are wrong. We programmers also like to think of video exclusively as data in our computer memory or hard disks. We often try to ignore the fact that video is also transmitted as an electrical analog or digital signal over wires, and stored on gasp videotape. It turns out that if we take a moment to understand the bigger picture of video no pun intendedhow it is transmitted electrically, how it is displayed by TVs and monitors, and how video geeks think of itthen suddenly it becomes tremendously easier to understand where these videosynracies come from, and to predict and handle them correctly in our video software. So here we go. A video system determines much more than just a resolution and frame rate. It includes a scanning system, which could be either frame based progressive scan, or field based interlacedinterleaved a frame rate or field rate, which may include magic M 11. NTSC, not 4. 80, including both picture lines that carry actual image information, and non picture lines a standard numbering scheme for those lines for field based systems the way to weave the lines of each field into picture lines which field is called F1 and which field is called F2a set of analog electrical standards e. NTSC composite, NTSC s video, defining an electrical waveform and analog encoding of video a picture center, specified vertically in terms of the standard line numbers horizontally as a specific point on that waveform a set of digital electrical standards e. SDI, defining an electrical waveform and digital encoding of video a picture center, specified vertically in terms of the standard line numbers horizontally in terms of specific pixels on each line a production aperture the rectangle of picture data a clean aperture the rectangle with the picture aspect ratio a set of computer representations for that video, each of which includes an in memory representation e. MPEG, DV, JPEG, uncompressed YCb. Cr, etc. a grid of sampling points, specified vertically in terms of the standard line numbers horizontally in terms of one of the electrical standards That grid of sampling points thus determines for images in memory. In the following sections, well introduce the many new concepts found in the list above. There are many video systems, but we will cover the most common ones As you can see in the table, to unambiguously name one system, you should include the rate. In this document, we will generally omit the rate from 4. In this document, we will drop the rate from 1. M systems. So 1. 08. A system that is beginning use now is 1. SMPTE 2. 74. M 1. M, with 2. 4 and 2. M frames per second respectively, that are sometimes used in HD broadcast, and it also specifies 1. M, which doubles the data rate of the currently broadcast 1. M by providing a full 5. M frames per second. At some point I will add that to this document. The next most common system might be 4. DVD players in the US and Japan, but is increasingly being replaced by the HD formats. We will not cover 4. You can get some the vital statistics for one 4. SMPTE 2. 67. M 1. Apex Sound Bar Manual. M in the Quick. Time uncompressed standard that I wrote for Apple. There are a set of other segmented field progressive systems, such as 1. SF2. 4, which are a kind of hack to carry a frame based signal within what appears to be a field based signal. These hacks arose in the early days of HD so that people could re use their hugely expensive field based equipment for frame based imagery. I talk about these systems a little more in this other document, but I will not cover these systems in this document. There is a truly bizarre video system called M PAL that they use in Brazil. It is interlaced and has the infamous NTSC rate of 6. M, but it is based on PAL color encoding and has 6. It even has its own form of drop frame timecode. We do not cover M PAL in this document. There was an old 1. Japanese HDTV system MUSEHi Vision with some very odd properties optional 5 3 or 1. September 3. 0, 2. Japan has totally migrated to 1. We dont cover 1. Japanese standards in the Quick. Time uncompressed standard that I wrote for Apple, I give the vitals on one 1. SMPTE 2. 40. M 1. SMPTE 2. 60. M 1. Japanese used, so youll have to see if your data follows the SMPTE standard. As software types, we like to think of video as a series of complete frames, say 6. This is the frame based aka progressive scan model. Unfortunately, the majority of systems 4. Roughly speaking, rather than representing video as a series of, say, 3. In particular, within each pair of fields, one field has lines 0, 2, 4,. But the catch is that all the fields are temporarlly distinct, so you simply do not have all the data you need to reconstruct a complete picture at any given moment of time This is such an important issue, with such deep implications for software, that we have a whole separate page dedicated to it All About Video Fields You should pop over and read that page, either now or after youre done with this one. Frame based systems transmit a series of frames, and so they have a frame rate. Field based systems transmit a series of fields, and so they have a field rate, and a frame rate which is half of the field rate. When you see the rate for the USJapan standards listed in casual discussions and even some standards, you will often see it written as 6. But its not really 6. NTSC TV and still haunt us today. Similarly, if you see 3.